Italian wine is produced in every region of Italy (which is the world’s oldest and largest wine producer), with a vineyard area of 702,000 hectares (1,730,000 acres) and an average annual supply approximately 48.3 million hl of wine in 2013–2017. In 2018, Italy accounted for 19 percent of global production, ahead of France (17 percent) and Spain (15 percent) Italian wines are exported around the world and are popular domestically with Italians, a Chinese The bottle uses about 42 liters, ranking fifth in world wine consumption.
The Etruscans and Greek settlers produced wine in Italy before the Romans planted their vineyards in the 2nd century AD. The Romans greatly increased Italy’s vine-growing area using efficient winemaking and viticulture methods, and pioneered large-scale production and preservation techniques such as barreling and bottled.
Italian wine history
In Italy, the vineyard scene is a familiar scene, with vines interspersed with olive trees.
The vine has been grown from the wild Vitis vinifera grape variety for millennia in Italy. It was previously believed that viticulture was introduced to Sicily and southern Italy by the Mycenaean Greeks, as the tradition of winemaking was already established in Italy at the time of the early Greek colonists. arrived on the coast of Italy around 800 BC. However, archaeological discoveries on Monte Kronio in 2017 suggest that viticulture in Sicily flourished at least around 4000 BC – about 3,000 years earlier than previously thought. .
Under ancient Rome, slave-managed plantations sprang up in many of Italy’s coastal regions and were so widespread that in AD 92 the emperor Domitian was forced to destroy a large number of vineyards. to free up fertile land for food production.
During this time, the cultivation of grapes outside of Italy was prohibited by Roman law. Exports to the provinces were reciprocated in exchange for more slaves, especially from Gaul (present-day France). According to Pliny, trade was intense with Gaul, because residents tended to drink unadulterated Italian wines. Although unpalatable to adults, it was customary in those days to drink alcohol mixed with a good proportion of water.
As provincial viticulture laws were relaxed, extensive vineyards began to flourish in the rest of Europe, particularly Gaul and Hispania. This coincided with the planting of new vines, such as biturica, the ancestor of the Cabernets. These vineyards became successful and became an import center for the province’s wine.
Depending on the vintage style, modern Italy is the world’s largest or second largest wine producer. In 2005, production accounted for about 20% of total global production, second only to France, which produced 26%. In the same year, Italy’s share in dollar value of wine imports to the United States was 32 percent, Australia’s 24 percent and France’s 20 percent. Along with Australia, Italy’s market share has grown rapidly in recent years.
Italian naming system
DOCG and DOC labels on two wine bottles
In 1963, the first official Italian wine classification system was introduced. Since then, a number of amendments and additions to the law have been made, including a major amendment in 1992. The last amendment, which occurred in 2010, established four basic categories of relevance. with the latest European Union alcohol regulations (2008–09). The categories, from the bottom to the top, are:
Vini (Wine – informally known as ‘generic wine’): wine that can be produced anywhere in the EU territory, the label does not include an indication of the geographical origin of the variety grapes used or vintage varieties. (The label only reports the color of the wine).
Vini Varietali (Varietal Wines): regular wines made primarily (at least 85%) from an authorized ‘international’ grape (Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah) or completely All from two or more of them, grape variety or variety and vintage may be indicated on the label. (Instead, the prohibition on indicating geographical origin is maintained. These wines can be produced anywhere in the EU territory.
Vini IGP (Protected Geographical Indication Wine also traditionally made in Italy as IGT – Typical Geographical Indication): wine produced in a specific territory in Italy and subject to compliance according to a series of specific and precise regulations regarding authorized varieties, culturing and bacteriological practices, sensory and chemical properties – Physical characteristics, labeling guidelines, etc. Current (2016) exists at 118 IGP/IGTs.
Vini DOP (Liquor with a Protected Designation of Origin): This category includes two sub-categories: Vini DOC (Controlled Designation of Origin) and Vini DOCG (Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin) . DOC wines must be IGP wines at least 5 years old. They often come from smaller areas within a given IGP territory that are particularly famous for their climatic and geological characteristics, quality and originality of local winemaking traditions.
They are also subject to more stringent production regulations than IGP alcohol. DOC liquor can be promoted to DOCG if it has been DOC for at least 10 years. In addition to meeting the necessary requirements for DOC wines, DOCG wines must pass more stringent analyzes prior to commercialization, including tasting by a specifically appointed committee. DOCG wines must also demonstrate outstanding commercial success. Currently (2016) there exist 332 DOCs and 73 DOCGs for a total of 405 DOPs.
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